Ndi kuchuluka kosalekeza kwa zida za IoT, kulumikizana kapena kulumikizana pakati pazidazi kwakhala nkhani yofunika kuiganizira.Kulumikizana ndikofala kwambiri komanso kofunikira pa intaneti ya Zinthu.Kaya ndi ukadaulo waufupi wotumizira opanda zingwe kapena ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi mafoni, zimakhudza chitukuko cha intaneti ya Zinthu.Polankhulana, njira yolumikizirana ndiyofunikira kwambiri, ndipo ndi malamulo ndi malamulo omwe mabungwe awiriwa ayenera kutsatira kuti amalize kulumikizana kapena ntchitoyo.Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa njira zingapo zoyankhulirana za IoT, zomwe zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa data, kuphimba, mphamvu ndi kukumbukira, ndipo protocol iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake.Zina mwa njira zoyankhuliranazi ndizoyenera pazida zing'onozing'ono zapakhomo, pomwe zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti akulu akulu amtawuni.Njira zolankhulirana pa intaneti ya Zinthu zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, imodzi ndi njira yolumikizirana, ina ndi njira yolumikizirana.Protocol yofikira nthawi zambiri imayang'anira maukonde ndi kulumikizana pakati pa zida zomwe zili mu subnet;protocol kulankhulana makamaka chipangizo kulankhulana protocol kuthamanga pa chikhalidwe Internet TCP/IP protocol, amene ali ndi udindo kusinthana deta ndi kulankhulana kwa zipangizo kudzera Internet.
1. Kulankhulana kwakutali kwa ma cell
(1) Njira zoyankhulirana za 2G/3G/4G zimatanthawuza njira yachiwiri, yachitatu ndi yachinayi yolumikizana ndi mafoni motsatana.
(2)NB-IoT
The Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-iot) yakhala nthambi yofunikira ya intaneti ya Chilichonse.
Kumangidwa pa ma cellular network, nb-iot imangodya pafupifupi 180kHz ya bandwidth ndipo imatha kutumizidwa mwachindunji pa GSM, UMTS kapena LTE network kuti muchepetse ndalama zotumizira ndikukweza bwino.
Nb-iot imayang'ana kwambiri msika wa low power wide coverage (LPWA) Internet of Things (IoT) ndipo ndiukadaulo womwe ukubwera womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Ili ndi mawonekedwe a kuphimba kwakukulu, maulumikizidwe ambiri, kuthamanga kwachangu, mtengo wotsika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso zomangamanga zabwino kwambiri.
Zochitika pakugwiritsa ntchito: Netiweki ya nB-iot imabweretsa zochitika monga kuyimitsidwa mwanzeru, kulimitsa moto wanzeru, madzi anzeru, magetsi amsewu anzeru, njinga zogawana ndi zida zanzeru zakunyumba, ndi zina zambiri.
(3) 5G
Tekinoloje ya m'badwo wachisanu ndiukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri waukadaulo wolumikizana ndi mafoni.
Zolinga zogwirira ntchito za 5G ndizokwera kwambiri, kuchepetsedwa kwa latency, kupulumutsa mphamvu, kutsika mtengo, kuwonjezereka kwa dongosolo ndi kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zazikulu.
Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito: AR / VR, Intaneti yamagalimoto, kupanga mwanzeru, mphamvu zamagetsi, mankhwala opanda zingwe, zosangalatsa zapanyumba zopanda zingwe, UAV yolumikizidwa, ULTRA HIGH tanthauzo / panoramic live broadcasting, thandizo laumwini la AI, mzinda wanzeru.
2. Kulankhulana kwakutali kopanda ma cell
(1) WiFi
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwachangu kwa ma routers apanyumba a WiFi ndi mafoni anzeru m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, protocol ya WiFi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panyumba yanzeru.
Poyerekeza ndi ZigBee, dongosolo lanyumba lanzeru pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya Wifi limathetsa kufunikira kwa zipata zowonjezera.Poyerekeza ndi protocol ya Bluetooth, imachotsa kudalira ma terminals am'manja monga mafoni am'manja.
Kuphimba kwa WiFi yamalonda m'mayendedwe a anthu akumatauni, malo ogulitsira ndi malo ena onse mosakayika kudzawonetsa kuthekera kwa zochitika zamalonda za WiFi.
(2) ZigBee
ZigBee ndi otsika liwiro ndi mtunda waufupi kufala opanda zingwe protocol kulankhulana, ndi odalirika kwambiri opanda zingwe deta kufala maukonde, makhalidwe waukulu ndi otsika liwiro, otsika mphamvu mowa, mtengo wotsika, kuthandiza ambiri nodes maukonde, kuthandiza zosiyanasiyana maukonde topology. , zovuta zochepa, mofulumira, zodalirika komanso zotetezeka.
Ukadaulo wa ZigBee ndi mtundu watsopano waukadaulo, womwe watuluka posachedwa.Iwo makamaka amadalira opanda zingwe maukonde kufala.Ikhoza kulumikiza opanda zingwe pafupi kwambiri ndipo ndi yaukadaulo wolumikizirana opanda zingwe.
Ubwino wobadwa nawo waukadaulo wa ZigBee umapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono ikhale ukadaulo wodziwika bwino pa intaneti ya Zinthu ndikupeza ntchito zazikulu m'makampani, ulimi, nyumba zanzeru ndi magawo ena.
(3) Lora
LoRa (LongRange, LongRange) ndi ukadaulo wosinthira womwe umapereka mtunda wautali wolumikizana kuposa matekinoloje ofanana. LoRa pachipata, sensa ya utsi, kuyang'anira madzi, kuzindikira kwa infrared, kuyikika, kuyika ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri za Iot. kusiyana kwa nthawi yakufika kwa geolocation.Mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito malo a LoRa: kuyang'anira mzinda wanzeru ndi magalimoto, metering ndi mayendedwe, kuyang'anira malo aulimi.
3. NFC (pafupi ndi field communication)
(1) RFID
Chizindikiritso cha Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ndichidule cha Radio Frequency Identification. Mfundo yake ndi kulumikizana kwa data osalumikizana pakati pa owerenga ndi tag kuti akwaniritse cholinga chozindikiritsa chandamale. chipangizo cha alarm chip alarm, control access, control parking, automation line line, material management.The RFID system yonse imakhala ndi Reader, Tag yamagetsi ndi dongosolo loyang'anira deta.
(2) NFC
Dzina lonse laku China la NFC ndi Near Field Communication Technology.NFC imapangidwa pamaziko aukadaulo wosalumikizana ndi ma radio frequency identification (RFID) ndikuphatikizidwa ndiukadaulo wamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe.Amapereka njira yolankhulirana yotetezeka komanso yofulumira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku."Munda wapafupi" mu dzina lachi China la NFC limatanthawuza mafunde a wailesi pafupi ndi gawo lamagetsi.
Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito: Zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira mwayi wopezekapo, kupezeka, alendo, kulowa m'misonkhano, kulondera ndi zina.NFC ili ndi ntchito monga kulumikizana ndi makompyuta amunthu komanso kulumikizana ndi makina ndi makina.
(3) Bluetooth
Ukadaulo wa Bluetooth ndi njira yotseguka yapadziko lonse lapansi ya data yopanda zingwe komanso kulumikizana kwamawu.Ndilo ukadaulo waukadaulo wama waya wamfupi wamfupi womwe umatengera kulumikizidwa kwa zingwe zotsika mtengo zaufupi kuti akhazikitse malo olumikizirana pazida zokhazikika komanso zam'manja.
Bluetooth imatha kusinthanitsa zidziwitso popanda zingwe pakati pazida zambiri kuphatikiza mafoni am'manja, PDAs, mahedifoni opanda zingwe, makompyuta apakompyuta, ndi zotumphukira zina.Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa "Bluetooth" kumatha kufewetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zida zolumikizirana zam'manja, komanso kufewetsa kulumikizana pakati pa chipangizocho ndi intaneti, kuti kufalitsa kwa data kumakhala mwachangu komanso kothandiza, ndikukulitsa njira yolumikizirana opanda zingwe.
4. Kulankhulana ndi mawaya
(1) USB
USB, chidule cha English Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), ndi mulingo wakunja wa basi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana pakati pa makompyuta ndi zida zakunja.Ndi ukadaulo wa mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda wa PC.
(2)Serial communication protocol
Protocol yolumikizirana yosalekeza imatanthawuza zofunikira zomwe zimafotokoza zomwe zili mu paketi ya data, yomwe imaphatikizapo zoyambira, data ya thupi, cheke ndikuyimitsa pang'ono.Magulu awiriwa akuyenera kuvomerezana pa paketi ya data yosasinthika kuti atumize ndi kulandira deta.Pakulumikizana kosalekeza, ma protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri akuphatikizapo RS-232, RS-422 ndi RS-485.
Kuyankhulana kwa seri kumatanthauza njira yolumikizirana yomwe deta imafalitsidwa pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zotumphukira ndi makompyuta.Njira yolankhuliranayi imagwiritsa ntchito mizere yocheperako ya data, yomwe ingapulumutse ndalama zoyankhulirana pakulankhulana kwakutali, koma liwiro lake lopatsirana ndi lotsika kuposa kufalitsa kofanana.Makompyuta ambiri (osaphatikiza zolemba) amakhala ndi madoko awiri a RS-232.Kuyankhulana kwa seri ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida ndi zida.
(3) Efaneti
Efaneti ndi makompyuta a LAN technology.The IEEE 802.3 standard is the technical standard for Efaneti, yomwe imaphatikizapo zomwe zili mu thupi wosanjikiza kugwirizana, chizindikiro chamagetsi ndi media access access layer protocol??
(4) MBus
MBus kutali mita kuwerenga dongosolo (symphonic mbus) ndi muyezo European 2-waya awiri basi, makamaka ntchito zipangizo zoyezera mowa monga kutentha mita ndi madzi mita mndandanda.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-07-2021
